Frankenstein: cultural context

Historical Context

Written in 1818 during the Romantic era, which was a reaction against the scientific rationalisation of nature in the Enlightenment, and was focused on the individual, nature, emotion and imagination.
The ethical questions around science and creation raised in Frankenstein where reflective of the time period’s struggle to reconcile religious beliefs with new scientific discoveries, such as Galvani’s experiments with electricity in corpses.

Societal Implications

Frankenstein can be seen as a critique of the Industrial Revolution, questioning the potentially destructive consequences of unchecked ambition and rapid progress.
The demonisation and chase of the creature can be analysed through the lenses of otherness and fear of the outsider, representing society’s distrust of what’s different or unknown.
The novel also reflects 19th century gender roles. Women are mostly passive and suffering, such as Elizabeth and Justine, reflecting their status in the society of the time.

Author’s Essence

Mary Shelley’s background significantly influenced the creation of Frankenstein. She was the daughter of pioneering feminist Mary Wollstonecraft and political philosopher William Godwin, both of whom challenged societal norms.
Written when she was only 18, during a summer stay in Geneva with husband Percy Shelley and friend Lord Byron where they decided to each write a ghost story, resulting in Frankenstein.
The death of Shelley’s mother shortly after her birth, the loss of her own children, and her complex relationship with gender can be reflected in the themes of death, creation, and gender roles in the novel.

Philosophical Exchanges

Nature vs Nurture: Frankenstein raises the question whether it was inherent evil or societal mistreatment that led the creature to destruction. This connects to current debates within psychological and sociological fields.
The Promethean man: Victor Frankenstein is often compared to Prometheus, who stole fire from the gods to give to humans, and was consequently punished. This represents the human aspiration to be god-like and its consequences.

Understanding the cultural and historical context will add depth and richness to your analysis of Frankenstein, helping to link the play’s themes and characters to the author’s message and experiences, as well as the sociocultural environment during its creation.