The Red Door: Historical Context
The Red Door: Historical Context
General Background
- Iain Crichton Smith was born in 1928 on the Isle of Lewis, an island located off the northwest coast of Scotland.
- He grew up in a community that was traditionally-minded, often repressed and dominated by the severe Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland.
- His upbringing was in an environment where the Gaelic language, accompanied by the strict church teachings, were incredibly influential.
The Isle of Lewis
- This island is steeped in ancient history, with orbital stone circles and remnants of iron age settlements found all over.
- During Smith’s lifespan, the Isle of Lewis underwent substantial change - from a predominantly fishing and crofting economy to one more driven by the service sector.
- Geographically isolated, the lack of easy travel to the mainland and other islands could make day-to-day living feel stifling.
Societal and Historical Influence
- The influence of the Free Presbyterian church was notable. Its strict, orthodox beliefs were prevalent in the island’s society.
- Social change, such as the advent of technology, the swing of political power from the wealthy landowners to the working class, influenced day-to-day living.
- The tension between modern lifestyle and traditional customs is evident in many of Smith’s stories, reflecting his views on this conflict.
Language
- The Gaelic language was central to the island’s identity despite its waning use in daily life due to modernisation.
- English was increasingly gaining prominence, creating a linguistic divide – a conflict that often plays out in Smith’s works.
Post-War Influence
- Smith’s formative years were during World War II, experiencing life during wartime and its immediate aftermath.
- The war changed the course of the 20th century, and its influence is seen in his focus on themes of freedom, trauma, and change.
Literary Influence
- The island’s history of oral storytelling tradition, folklore, and myths are often referenced or form the backdrop of Smith’s stories.
- Smith’s writing was also impacted by major Scottish literary figures of the time, particularly George Mackay Brown and Neil M. Gunn.
- There’s also an influence of European existentialist literature, reflecting questions of existence, freedom, and purpose.
Modernisation and its Impact
- The process of modernising disrupted traditional Gaelic society, with old norms being replaced by new ways slowly.
- There was increasingly a shift from an agrarian, community-focused lifestyle to a more individualistic, modern one.
- Smith’s writings explore this tension and upheaval, often with a sense of loss and alienation.