To a Mouse: Theme; Nature

Key Learning Points:

“To a Mouse” is illustrative of Burns’ close observance and understanding of nature, with a particular doubling down on the relationship between man and nature.
The essence of the poem puts forward the concept that even a simple creature like the mouse has feelings and suffers when its home is destroyed due to man’s oblivious intrusion.
Through the mouse, Burns explores the broader idea of life’s uncertainty and the futile nature of human planning against the power of fate.

The Relationship of Man with Nature:

Burns presents the mouse in the poem as a creature that does not quarrel with nature or upset its balance but lives harmoniously as part of the natural world.
The poem portrays man as an intruder who, due to his lack of understanding, causes harm to creatures like the mouse and disrupts the balance of nature.
The juxtaposition of man and the mouse underlines the detrimental effect of human interference on the natural world.

Structural Commentary and Poetic Techniques:

Through the use of figurative language, Burns humanises the mouse, bringing out its vulnerability and innocence to enhance the bond between the creature, the natural world and the poet himself.
The symbolism of the mouse’s destroyed nest is used to reflect the impermanency of life and the universal theme of life’s unpredictable nature which affects all creatures, human or otherwise.
The vivid imagery allows the reader to empathise with the mouse’s plight and also serves to highlight man’s harsh intercession in the natural world.

Characterisation:

The characterisation of the mouse in “To a Mouse” is alongside Burns’ appreciation, perhaps admiration, for its simple, unobtrusive existence within nature.

Language and Diction:

The use of Scots dialect within the poem adds a depth of authenticity and personal touch, directly linking Burns himself to his subject matter.
Burns’ adoption of a conversational tone allows readers to feel part of the narrative, thus intensifying the impact of the poem’s message.

Tone and Mood:

The tone of “To a Mouse” is perhaps apologetic and contemplative, highlighting Burns’ empathy toward the mouse and reflection on man’s relationship with nature.
The mood of the poem fluctuates between sadness and respect, expressing regret for man’s damage to nature, but also a reverence for the mutual existence within it.